Palmaris Brevis Muscle
By : Omar M. Subhi Altaie● NAME
this muscle simply indicates that it presents in the palmer side of the hand (which is frontal or anterior of the hand in the anatomical position), the word brevis means that it is shorter compared to the palmaris longus muscle in the forearm.
● GENERAL
palmaris brevis is a small, superficial, and thin muscle that lies just under the skin of the medial side of the palm between the fibrous structure of the palm. It presents in the hypothenar eminence region even though it does not count as one of the groups.
The palmaris brevis slows stretching of the skin of the palm or be lengthened out, and used to get thicker and supported skin the of the palm, thereby giving it a strong and tight grip. The palmaris brevis used as protection of the ulnar nerve and artery.
It is one of the rare muscles that does not attach to the bone, not from any of its two aspects, but attached proximally to the palmar aponeurosis and the skin from the other side.
It does not cross or activate any joints,but it can support other near muscles and reinforce their actions.
The palmaris brevis slows stretching of the skin of the palm or be lengthened out, and used to get thicker and supported skin the of the palm, thereby giving it a strong and tight grip. The palmaris brevis used as protection of the ulnar nerve and artery.
It is one of the rare muscles that does not attach to the bone, not from any of its two aspects, but attached proximally to the palmar aponeurosis and the skin from the other side.
It does not cross or activate any joints,but it can support other near muscles and reinforce their actions.
● SUPPLY
• The nerve supply of palmaris brevis is by the superficial branch of the Ulnar nerve as where the muscle is within the skin of the hypothenar region.
• Blood supply to the palmaris brevis muscle comes from the superficial palmar arch, which is a network of arteries that is formed by the ulnar artery and a branch from the radial artery.
* Some people might also receive some contributions from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery or Princeps pollicis artery.
• Blood supply to the palmaris brevis muscle comes from the superficial palmar arch, which is a network of arteries that is formed by the ulnar artery and a branch from the radial artery.
* Some people might also receive some contributions from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery or Princeps pollicis artery.
● ORIGIN AND INSERTION
◇ Origin
It lies just under the skin of the palm on the medial side of it and arises from the flexor retinaculum (a fibrous band that arches around the carpal bones near the wrist), and medial side of the palmar aponeurosis.
◇ Insertion
The skin on the medial side of the palm (hypothenar region).
It lies just under the skin of the palm on the medial side of it and arises from the flexor retinaculum (a fibrous band that arches around the carpal bones near the wrist), and medial side of the palmar aponeurosis.
◇ Insertion
The skin on the medial side of the palm (hypothenar region).
● Movement and action
From where the muscle inserts it contracts, pulling the skin of the medial side of the palm toward the center of the hand; by that action, it wrinkles and strengthens the skin of the hand and makes the hypothenar region more rigid.
In holding a cup position, the palm is formed a concave position. To achieve this, the thumb is abducted (perpendicular to the palmar surface) and placed in a slightly opposed position(facing other fingers), it is also partially flexed. This will make the thenar eminence muscles move forward. The fourth and fifth metacarpal bones are flexed and slightly rotated at the carpometacarpal joints. This has the effect of drawing the hypothenar eminence forward too. The palmaris brevis muscle contracts and pulls the skin over the hypothenar eminence medially; it also puckers the skin, which improves the gripping ability of the palm.
In holding a cup position, the palm is formed a concave position. To achieve this, the thumb is abducted (perpendicular to the palmar surface) and placed in a slightly opposed position(facing other fingers), it is also partially flexed. This will make the thenar eminence muscles move forward. The fourth and fifth metacarpal bones are flexed and slightly rotated at the carpometacarpal joints. This has the effect of drawing the hypothenar eminence forward too. The palmaris brevis muscle contracts and pulls the skin over the hypothenar eminence medially; it also puckers the skin, which improves the gripping ability of the palm.
● Reverse action
The reverse action of the palmaris brevis when the central fascia of the hand is moved slightly toward the insertion place, (skin and fascia of the medial border of the hand). And that also wrinkles the skin of the palm of the hand; thus strengthening the palm and hypothenar region.
● Antagonist Function
This muscle slows the stretching of the skin of the palm when it is stretched by action done by other muscles.
It is believed that palmaris brevis maybe stabilizes the joints of the carpal bones underneath it, although it is a superficial muscle; just under the skin and it does not attach to any bone.
It is believed that palmaris brevis maybe stabilizes the joints of the carpal bones underneath it, although it is a superficial muscle; just under the skin and it does not attach to any bone.
● Examination
The examiner should ask the patient to abduct his small finger, which should cause wrinkling over the hypothenar region where the muscle is located. The muscle receives innervation by the only motor twig that originates from the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve after passing the tunnel of Guyon . The presence or absence of this muscle is usually detected by side-to-side comparison. The muscle is absent in complete ulnar neuropathies (damage to the ulnar nerve) at the wrist. Ulnar nerve lesions at the wrist, that affect only the deep motor branch, keep the muscle intact.
● Clinical notes
Palmaris brevis syndrome, a pseudodystonia
Characterized by abnormal involuntary contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle which can be seen in the hypothenar eminence region, is believed to be due to compressive irritation of motor fibers that arise from the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve that innervates the muscle.
characteristics of Palmaris brevis syndrome are detected by spontaneous (not meant to be done), involuntary contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle, without signals being sent to contract it.
In some patients, co-contraction (means not the main muscle that is responsible for some particular action, but the other near a muscle that is capable of doing that action partially)
of the abductor digiti minimi muscle has been described during portions of the spasms.
It has been known that the palmaris brevis syndrome is caused by damage to the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve, particularly those small fibers only innervate this muscle.
Some patients with palmaris brevis syndrome have numbness or paresthesias (burning or prickling) within the sensory distribution of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve. Many patients feel a noticeable discomfort along the hypothenar eminence region. Contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle produce a characteristic dimpling along the ulnar side of the hypothenar eminence.
Palmaris brevis syndrome can be familial by genetics, or bilateral, and children also may have the chance to be diagnosed with it.
Characterized by abnormal involuntary contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle which can be seen in the hypothenar eminence region, is believed to be due to compressive irritation of motor fibers that arise from the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve that innervates the muscle.
characteristics of Palmaris brevis syndrome are detected by spontaneous (not meant to be done), involuntary contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle, without signals being sent to contract it.
In some patients, co-contraction (means not the main muscle that is responsible for some particular action, but the other near a muscle that is capable of doing that action partially)
of the abductor digiti minimi muscle has been described during portions of the spasms.
It has been known that the palmaris brevis syndrome is caused by damage to the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve, particularly those small fibers only innervate this muscle.
Some patients with palmaris brevis syndrome have numbness or paresthesias (burning or prickling) within the sensory distribution of the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve. Many patients feel a noticeable discomfort along the hypothenar eminence region. Contractions of the palmaris brevis muscle produce a characteristic dimpling along the ulnar side of the hypothenar eminence.
Palmaris brevis syndrome can be familial by genetics, or bilateral, and children also may have the chance to be diagnosed with it.
● Relations
The palmaris brevis is a superficial subcutaneous muscle on the medial side of the human hands. The hypothenar muscles(opponens , abductor, and flex digiti minimi ) are all deep into the palmaris brevis.
● REFERENCES
• JOSEPH E. MUSCOLINO THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM MANUAL The Skeletal Muscles of the Human Body FOURTH EDITION 440-442
• Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley, Anne M. R Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th Edition) pages 778-785
• Snell's clinical anatomy by Region's (10th edition) pages 320-321
• Palmaris Brevis, physiopedia website https://www.physio-pedia.com/Palmaris_Brevis
• Palmaris brevis muscle Author: Jana Vasković MD • Reviewer: Nicola McLaren MSc Last reviewed: August 02, 2022 kenhub website https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/palmaris-brevis-muscle
• Palmaris Brevis Syndrome: A Treatable Pseudodystonia national library of medicine website https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555621/#:~:text=Palmaris%20brevis%20syndrome%2C%20a%20pseudodystonia,branch%20of%20the%20ulnar%20nerve.
• Causes of Muscle Twitches and Spasms Medically Reviewed by Nayana Ambardekar, MD on November 02, 2021 webmd better information better health: https://www.webmd.com/brain/ss/slideshow-twitches-spasms-causes
• Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley, Anne M. R Clinically Oriented Anatomy (7th Edition) pages 778-785
• Snell's clinical anatomy by Region's (10th edition) pages 320-321
• Palmaris Brevis, physiopedia website https://www.physio-pedia.com/Palmaris_Brevis
• Palmaris brevis muscle Author: Jana Vasković MD • Reviewer: Nicola McLaren MSc Last reviewed: August 02, 2022 kenhub website https://www.kenhub.com/en/library/anatomy/palmaris-brevis-muscle
• Palmaris Brevis Syndrome: A Treatable Pseudodystonia national library of medicine website https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555621/#:~:text=Palmaris%20brevis%20syndrome%2C%20a%20pseudodystonia,branch%20of%20the%20ulnar%20nerve.
• Causes of Muscle Twitches and Spasms Medically Reviewed by Nayana Ambardekar, MD on November 02, 2021 webmd better information better health: https://www.webmd.com/brain/ss/slideshow-twitches-spasms-causes
● IMAGES REFERENCE
• Cover image https://m.facebook.com/sobottaclassic/photos/a.273391353019489/273396463018978/
• Fig1 Anterior view of the right palmaris brevis. FIGURE 9-18 JOSEPH E. MUSCOLINO THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM MANUAL The Skeletal Muscles of the Human Body FOURTH EDITION page 441
• Fig2 Frank H. Netter, Atlas of Human Anatomy (7th edition) plate 449
• Fig3 Anatomical insights of the palmaris brevis muscle for clinical procedures of the hand First published: 16 February 2017 clinical anatomy website: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ca.22855
• Fig4 (A) Characteristic furrowing of the hypothenar eminence seen in our patient with palmaris brevis syndrome. (C) Worsening of palmaris brevis contractions triggered by grasping a pipettor. Palmaris Brevis Syndrome: A Treatable Pseudodystonia national library of medicine website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555621/figure/F1/?report=objectonly
• Fig5 superficial layer (palmar aspect) of hand, Chihiro Yokochi, E. Lutejen-Drecoll, and Johannes W. Rohen Color Atlas of Anatomy 7th Edition page 422
• Fig1 Anterior view of the right palmaris brevis. FIGURE 9-18 JOSEPH E. MUSCOLINO THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM MANUAL The Skeletal Muscles of the Human Body FOURTH EDITION page 441
• Fig2 Frank H. Netter, Atlas of Human Anatomy (7th edition) plate 449
• Fig3 Anatomical insights of the palmaris brevis muscle for clinical procedures of the hand First published: 16 February 2017 clinical anatomy website: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ca.22855
• Fig4 (A) Characteristic furrowing of the hypothenar eminence seen in our patient with palmaris brevis syndrome. (C) Worsening of palmaris brevis contractions triggered by grasping a pipettor. Palmaris Brevis Syndrome: A Treatable Pseudodystonia national library of medicine website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8555621/figure/F1/?report=objectonly
• Fig5 superficial layer (palmar aspect) of hand, Chihiro Yokochi, E. Lutejen-Drecoll, and Johannes W. Rohen Color Atlas of Anatomy 7th Edition page 422
